Skip to main content

AS37963

ALIBABA-CN-NET

Hangzhou Alibaba Advertising Co.,Ltd.

Registry

Authoritative registration data

AS number
37963
Name
ALIBABA-CN-NET
Organisation
Hangzhou Alibaba Advertising Co.,Ltd.
Country
Flag of China CN China
RIR
APNIC
Registered
Source:asn:rdap retrieved

IPv4 prefixes

793

IPv6 prefixes

126

Total announced

919

Announced prefixes

Observed in BGP by route collectors, not a registry allocation list

Prefixes announced by AS37963
39.96.0.0/13 IPv4 /13 RPKI valid
112.124.0.0/14 IPv4 /14 RPKI valid
120.24.0.0/14 IPv4 /14 not checked
121.196.0.0/14 IPv4 /14 not checked
121.40.0.0/14 IPv4 /14 RPKI valid
223.4.0.0/14 IPv4 /14 not checked
39.100.0.0/14 IPv4 /14 not checked
39.104.0.0/14 IPv4 /14 RPKI valid
39.96.0.0/14 IPv4 /14 not checked
47.100.0.0/14 IPv4 /14 not checked
47.92.0.0/14 IPv4 /14 not checked
47.96.0.0/14 IPv4 /14 not checked
8.140.0.0/14 IPv4 /14 not checked
8.144.0.0/14 IPv4 /14 not checked
101.132.0.0/15 IPv4 /15 RPKI valid
101.200.0.0/15 IPv4 /15 RPKI valid
106.14.0.0/15 IPv4 /15 not checked
120.24.0.0/15 IPv4 /15 not checked
120.76.0.0/15 IPv4 /15 RPKI valid
120.78.0.0/15 IPv4 /15 RPKI valid
121.40.0.0/15 IPv4 /15 not checked
121.42.0.0/15 IPv4 /15 RPKI valid
123.56.0.0/15 IPv4 /15 not checked
223.4.0.0/15 IPv4 /15 not checked
223.6.0.0/15 IPv4 /15 not checked
39.104.0.0/15 IPv4 /15 RPKI valid
39.106.0.0/15 IPv4 /15 not checked
47.100.0.0/15 IPv4 /15 RPKI valid
47.102.0.0/15 IPv4 /15 not checked
47.104.0.0/15 IPv4 /15 not checked
47.106.0.0/15 IPv4 /15 not checked
47.108.0.0/15 IPv4 /15 not checked
47.110.0.0/15 IPv4 /15 not checked
47.112.0.0/15 IPv4 /15 not checked
47.120.0.0/15 IPv4 /15 not checked
47.92.0.0/15 IPv4 /15 not checked
47.94.0.0/15 IPv4 /15 RPKI valid
47.96.0.0/15 IPv4 /15 not checked
47.98.0.0/15 IPv4 /15 RPKI valid
8.130.0.0/15 IPv4 /15 RPKI valid
8.132.0.0/15 IPv4 /15 not checked
8.140.0.0/15 IPv4 /15 RPKI valid
8.142.0.0/15 IPv4 /15 RPKI valid
8.144.0.0/15 IPv4 /15 RPKI valid
8.146.0.0/15 IPv4 /15 RPKI valid
8.160.0.0/15 IPv4 /15 RPKI valid
8.166.0.0/15 IPv4 /15 RPKI valid
101.132.0.0/16 IPv4 /16 not checked
101.133.0.0/16 IPv4 /16 not checked
101.200.0.0/16 IPv4 /16 not checked
101.201.0.0/16 IPv4 /16 not checked
101.37.0.0/16 IPv4 /16 RPKI valid
106.11.0.0/16 IPv4 /16 not checked
106.14.0.0/16 IPv4 /16 RPKI valid
106.15.0.0/16 IPv4 /16 not checked
110.75.0.0/16 IPv4 /16 not checked
112.124.0.0/16 IPv4 /16 RPKI valid
112.125.0.0/16 IPv4 /16 not checked
112.126.0.0/16 IPv4 /16 RPKI valid
112.127.0.0/16 IPv4 /16 not checked
112.74.0.0/16 IPv4 /16 not checked
114.215.0.0/16 IPv4 /16 not checked
114.55.0.0/16 IPv4 /16 RPKI valid
115.28.0.0/16 IPv4 /16 not checked
115.29.0.0/16 IPv4 /16 RPKI valid
116.62.0.0/16 IPv4 /16 not checked
118.178.0.0/16 IPv4 /16 not checked
118.190.0.0/16 IPv4 /16 RPKI valid
118.31.0.0/16 IPv4 /16 not checked
119.23.0.0/16 IPv4 /16 not checked
120.24.0.0/16 IPv4 /16 RPKI valid
120.25.0.0/16 IPv4 /16 RPKI valid
120.26.0.0/16 IPv4 /16 not checked
120.55.0.0/16 IPv4 /16 not checked
120.76.0.0/16 IPv4 /16 not checked
120.77.0.0/16 IPv4 /16 not checked
120.78.0.0/16 IPv4 /16 not checked
120.79.0.0/16 IPv4 /16 RPKI valid
121.196.0.0/16 IPv4 /16 not checked
121.197.0.0/16 IPv4 /16 not checked
121.198.0.0/16 IPv4 /16 RPKI valid
121.199.0.0/16 IPv4 /16 RPKI valid
121.42.0.0/16 IPv4 /16 RPKI valid
121.89.0.0/16 IPv4 /16 not checked
123.56.0.0/16 IPv4 /16 not checked
123.57.0.0/16 IPv4 /16 RPKI valid
139.129.0.0/16 IPv4 /16 RPKI valid
139.196.0.0/16 IPv4 /16 RPKI valid
139.224.0.0/16 IPv4 /16 RPKI valid
140.205.0.0/16 IPv4 /16 not checked
182.92.0.0/16 IPv4 /16 RPKI valid
223.4.0.0/16 IPv4 /16 not checked
223.5.0.0/16 IPv4 /16 not checked
223.6.0.0/16 IPv4 /16 not checked
39.108.0.0/16 IPv4 /16 RPKI valid
42.120.0.0/16 IPv4 /16 not checked
42.121.0.0/16 IPv4 /16 not checked
47.104.0.0/16 IPv4 /16 RPKI valid
47.105.0.0/16 IPv4 /16 RPKI valid
47.106.0.0/16 IPv4 /16 RPKI valid
47.107.0.0/16 IPv4 /16 RPKI valid
47.108.0.0/16 IPv4 /16 not checked
47.109.0.0/16 IPv4 /16 not checked
47.110.0.0/16 IPv4 /16 not checked
47.111.0.0/16 IPv4 /16 not checked
47.112.0.0/16 IPv4 /16 RPKI valid
47.113.0.0/16 IPv4 /16 RPKI valid
47.114.0.0/16 IPv4 /16 RPKI valid
47.115.0.0/16 IPv4 /16 not checked
47.116.0.0/16 IPv4 /16 RPKI valid
47.117.0.0/16 IPv4 /16 not checked
47.118.0.0/16 IPv4 /16 not checked
47.119.0.0/16 IPv4 /16 not checked
47.120.0.0/16 IPv4 /16 not checked
47.121.0.0/16 IPv4 /16 not checked
47.123.0.0/16 IPv4 /16 RPKI valid
59.110.0.0/16 IPv4 /16 RPKI valid
60.205.0.0/16 IPv4 /16 not checked
8.129.0.0/16 IPv4 /16 not checked
8.130.0.0/16 IPv4 /16 not checked
8.131.0.0/16 IPv4 /16 not checked
8.132.0.0/16 IPv4 /16 not checked
8.133.0.0/16 IPv4 /16 not checked
8.134.0.0/16 IPv4 /16 RPKI valid
8.135.0.0/16 IPv4 /16 RPKI valid
8.136.0.0/16 IPv4 /16 not checked
8.137.0.0/16 IPv4 /16 RPKI valid
8.138.0.0/16 IPv4 /16 not checked
8.139.0.0/16 IPv4 /16 not checked
8.144.0.0/16 IPv4 /16 not checked
8.145.0.0/16 IPv4 /16 RPKI valid
8.146.0.0/16 IPv4 /16 RPKI valid
8.149.0.0/16 IPv4 /16 not checked
8.152.0.0/16 IPv4 /16 RPKI valid
8.153.0.0/16 IPv4 /16 not checked
8.154.0.0/16 IPv4 /16 not checked
8.155.0.0/16 IPv4 /16 not checked
8.156.0.0/16 IPv4 /16 not checked
8.157.0.0/16 IPv4 /16 RPKI valid
8.158.0.0/16 IPv4 /16 RPKI valid
8.159.0.0/16 IPv4 /16 RPKI valid
8.160.0.0/16 IPv4 /16 not checked
8.161.0.0/16 IPv4 /16 not checked
8.163.0.0/16 IPv4 /16 RPKI valid
8.164.0.0/16 IPv4 /16 not checked
8.165.0.0/16 IPv4 /16 not checked
8.166.0.0/16 IPv4 /16 not checked
8.167.0.0/16 IPv4 /16 RPKI valid
8.168.0.0/16 IPv4 /16 not checked
8.169.0.0/16 IPv4 /16 RPKI valid
101.37.0.0/17 IPv4 /17 RPKI valid
101.37.128.0/17 IPv4 /17 not checked
110.75.0.0/17 IPv4 /17 RPKI valid
110.75.128.0/17 IPv4 /17 not checked
112.124.0.0/17 IPv4 /17 RPKI valid
112.124.128.0/17 IPv4 /17 not checked
112.126.0.0/17 IPv4 /17 not checked
112.126.128.0/17 IPv4 /17 RPKI valid
112.127.0.0/17 IPv4 /17 RPKI valid
112.127.128.0/17 IPv4 /17 RPKI valid
112.74.0.0/17 IPv4 /17 not checked
112.74.128.0/17 IPv4 /17 RPKI valid
114.55.0.0/17 IPv4 /17 RPKI valid
114.55.128.0/17 IPv4 /17 not checked
115.29.0.0/17 IPv4 /17 not checked
115.29.128.0/17 IPv4 /17 not checked
116.62.0.0/17 IPv4 /17 not checked
116.62.128.0/17 IPv4 /17 RPKI valid
118.178.0.0/17 IPv4 /17 RPKI valid
118.178.128.0/17 IPv4 /17 RPKI valid
118.190.0.0/17 IPv4 /17 RPKI valid
118.190.128.0/17 IPv4 /17 not checked
118.31.0.0/17 IPv4 /17 RPKI valid
118.31.128.0/17 IPv4 /17 not checked
119.23.0.0/17 IPv4 /17 RPKI valid
119.23.128.0/17 IPv4 /17 RPKI valid
120.27.0.0/17 IPv4 /17 not checked
120.27.128.0/17 IPv4 /17 RPKI valid
120.55.0.0/17 IPv4 /17 not checked
120.55.128.0/17 IPv4 /17 RPKI valid
120.76.0.0/17 IPv4 /17 RPKI valid
120.76.128.0/17 IPv4 /17 RPKI valid
120.77.0.0/17 IPv4 /17 RPKI valid
120.77.128.0/17 IPv4 /17 RPKI valid
121.42.0.0/17 IPv4 /17 not checked
121.42.128.0/17 IPv4 /17 not checked
121.89.0.0/17 IPv4 /17 not checked
121.89.128.0/17 IPv4 /17 RPKI valid
139.129.0.0/17 IPv4 /17 not checked
139.129.128.0/17 IPv4 /17 RPKI valid
139.196.0.0/17 IPv4 /17 RPKI valid
139.196.128.0/17 IPv4 /17 not checked
139.224.0.0/17 IPv4 /17 RPKI valid
139.224.128.0/17 IPv4 /17 RPKI valid
182.92.0.0/17 IPv4 /17 RPKI valid
182.92.128.0/17 IPv4 /17 not checked
223.4.0.0/17 IPv4 /17 RPKI valid
223.4.128.0/17 IPv4 /17 not checked
223.5.0.0/17 IPv4 /17 RPKI valid
223.5.128.0/17 IPv4 /17 RPKI valid
223.6.0.0/17 IPv4 /17 not checked
223.6.128.0/17 IPv4 /17 not checked
39.108.0.0/17 IPv4 /17 RPKI valid
39.108.128.0/17 IPv4 /17 RPKI valid
42.120.0.0/17 IPv4 /17 RPKI valid
42.120.128.0/17 IPv4 /17 RPKI valid
42.121.0.0/17 IPv4 /17 RPKI valid
42.121.128.0/17 IPv4 /17 RPKI valid
42.156.128.0/17 IPv4 /17 not checked
42.96.128.0/17 IPv4 /17 not checked
47.114.0.0/17 IPv4 /17 not checked
47.114.128.0/17 IPv4 /17 not checked
47.115.0.0/17 IPv4 /17 not checked
47.115.128.0/17 IPv4 /17 RPKI valid
47.116.0.0/17 IPv4 /17 RPKI valid
47.116.128.0/17 IPv4 /17 not checked
47.117.0.0/17 IPv4 /17 not checked
47.117.128.0/17 IPv4 /17 RPKI valid
47.118.0.0/17 IPv4 /17 not checked
47.118.128.0/17 IPv4 /17 not checked
47.119.0.0/17 IPv4 /17 not checked
47.119.128.0/17 IPv4 /17 not checked
47.123.0.0/17 IPv4 /17 not checked
47.123.128.0/17 IPv4 /17 RPKI valid
59.110.0.0/17 IPv4 /17 not checked
59.110.128.0/17 IPv4 /17 not checked
60.205.0.0/17 IPv4 /17 not checked
60.205.128.0/17 IPv4 /17 RPKI valid
8.129.0.0/17 IPv4 /17 not checked
8.129.128.0/17 IPv4 /17 RPKI valid
8.134.0.0/17 IPv4 /17 RPKI valid
8.134.128.0/17 IPv4 /17 not checked
8.135.0.0/17 IPv4 /17 RPKI valid
8.135.128.0/17 IPv4 /17 RPKI valid
8.136.0.0/17 IPv4 /17 not checked
8.136.128.0/17 IPv4 /17 not checked
8.137.0.0/17 IPv4 /17 RPKI valid
8.137.128.0/17 IPv4 /17 not checked
8.138.0.0/17 IPv4 /17 RPKI valid
8.138.128.0/17 IPv4 /17 RPKI valid
8.139.0.0/17 IPv4 /17 RPKI valid
8.139.128.0/17 IPv4 /17 RPKI valid
8.146.0.0/17 IPv4 /17 not checked
8.146.128.0/17 IPv4 /17 RPKI valid
8.147.0.0/17 IPv4 /17 not checked
8.147.128.0/17 IPv4 /17 not checked
8.148.128.0/17 IPv4 /17 RPKI valid
8.149.0.0/17 IPv4 /17 RPKI valid
8.149.128.0/17 IPv4 /17 RPKI valid
8.152.0.0/17 IPv4 /17 RPKI valid
2408:4000::/22 IPv6 /22 RPKI valid
2400:3200::/32 IPv6 /32 RPKI valid
2400:b200::/32 IPv6 /32 not checked
2401:2e00::/32 IPv6 /32 not checked
2401:b180::/32 IPv6 /32 not checked
2405:e000::/32 IPv6 /32 RPKI valid
2407:bc00::/32 IPv6 /32 not checked
2408:4000::/32 IPv6 /32 RPKI valid
2408:4001::/32 IPv6 /32 RPKI valid
2408:4002::/32 IPv6 /32 RPKI valid
2408:4003::/32 IPv6 /32 RPKI valid
2408:4004::/32 IPv6 /32 RPKI valid
2408:4005::/32 IPv6 /32 RPKI valid
2408:4006::/32 IPv6 /32 RPKI valid
2408:4007::/32 IPv6 /32 RPKI valid
2408:4008::/32 IPv6 /32 RPKI valid
2408:400a::/32 IPv6 /32 not checked
2408:400b::/32 IPv6 /32 RPKI valid
2408:400c::/32 IPv6 /32 RPKI valid
2408:400e::/32 IPv6 /32 not checked
2408:4011::/32 IPv6 /32 not checked
2408:4015::/32 IPv6 /32 RPKI valid
2408:4017::/32 IPv6 /32 RPKI valid
2400:3200:8000::/33 IPv6 /33 RPKI valid
2400:3200::/33 IPv6 /33 RPKI valid
2408:4000:8000::/33 IPv6 /33 RPKI valid
2408:4000::/33 IPv6 /33 RPKI valid
2408:4001:8000::/33 IPv6 /33 RPKI valid
2408:4001::/33 IPv6 /33 RPKI valid
2408:4002:8000::/33 IPv6 /33 RPKI valid
2408:4002::/33 IPv6 /33 RPKI valid
2408:4003:8000::/33 IPv6 /33 RPKI valid
2408:4003::/33 IPv6 /33 RPKI valid
2408:4004:8000::/33 IPv6 /33 RPKI valid
2408:4004::/33 IPv6 /33 RPKI valid
2408:4005:8000::/33 IPv6 /33 RPKI valid
2408:4005::/33 IPv6 /33 RPKI valid
2408:4006:8000::/33 IPv6 /33 RPKI valid
2408:4006::/33 IPv6 /33 not checked
2408:4007:8000::/33 IPv6 /33 RPKI valid
2408:4007::/33 IPv6 /33 RPKI valid
2408:4008:8000::/33 IPv6 /33 RPKI valid
2408:4008::/33 IPv6 /33 RPKI valid
2408:400a:8000::/33 IPv6 /33 RPKI valid
2408:400a::/33 IPv6 /33 RPKI valid
2408:400b:8000::/33 IPv6 /33 RPKI valid
2408:400b::/33 IPv6 /33 RPKI valid
2408:400c:8000::/33 IPv6 /33 RPKI valid
2408:400c::/33 IPv6 /33 RPKI valid
2408:400d:8000::/33 IPv6 /33 RPKI valid
2408:400d::/33 IPv6 /33 RPKI valid
2408:400e:8000::/33 IPv6 /33 RPKI valid
2408:400e::/33 IPv6 /33 not checked
2408:4011:8000::/33 IPv6 /33 RPKI valid
2408:4011::/33 IPv6 /33 RPKI valid
2408:4017:8000::/33 IPv6 /33 RPKI valid
2408:4017::/33 IPv6 /33 RPKI valid
2400:b200:1000::/36 IPv6 /36 RPKI valid
2400:b200:2000::/36 IPv6 /36 RPKI valid
2400:b200:3000::/36 IPv6 /36 RPKI valid
2400:b200:5000::/36 IPv6 /36 RPKI valid
2400:b200:6000::/36 IPv6 /36 RPKI valid
2400:b200:9000::/36 IPv6 /36 RPKI valid
2400:b200::/36 IPv6 /36 not checked
2401:b180:1000::/36 IPv6 /36 RPKI valid
2401:b180:2000::/36 IPv6 /36 RPKI valid
2401:b180:3000::/36 IPv6 /36 RPKI valid
2401:b180:5000::/36 IPv6 /36 RPKI valid
2401:b180:6000::/36 IPv6 /36 RPKI valid
2401:b180:7000::/36 IPv6 /36 RPKI valid
2401:b180::/36 IPv6 /36 RPKI valid
2400:b200:2000::/37 IPv6 /37 RPKI valid
2400:b200:2800::/37 IPv6 /37 RPKI valid
2400:b200:3000::/37 IPv6 /37 RPKI valid
2400:b200:3800::/37 IPv6 /37 RPKI valid
2400:b200:5000::/37 IPv6 /37 RPKI valid
2400:b200:5800::/37 IPv6 /37 RPKI valid
2400:b200:6000::/37 IPv6 /37 RPKI valid
2400:b200:6800::/37 IPv6 /37 RPKI valid
2400:b200:800::/37 IPv6 /37 RPKI valid
2400:b200:9000::/37 IPv6 /37 RPKI valid
2400:b200:9800::/37 IPv6 /37 RPKI valid
2400:b200::/37 IPv6 /37 not checked
2401:b180:1000::/37 IPv6 /37 RPKI valid
2401:b180:1800::/37 IPv6 /37 RPKI valid
2401:b180:2000::/37 IPv6 /37 RPKI valid
2401:b180:2800::/37 IPv6 /37 RPKI valid
2401:b180:3000::/37 IPv6 /37 RPKI valid
2401:b180:3800::/37 IPv6 /37 RPKI valid
2401:b180:5000::/37 IPv6 /37 RPKI valid
2401:b180:5800::/37 IPv6 /37 RPKI valid
2401:b180:6000::/37 IPv6 /37 RPKI valid
2401:b180:6800::/37 IPv6 /37 RPKI valid
2401:b180:7000::/37 IPv6 /37 RPKI valid
2401:b180:7800::/37 IPv6 /37 RPKI valid
2401:b180:800::/37 IPv6 /37 not checked
2401:b180::/37 IPv6 /37 RPKI valid
2401:2e00:200::/40 IPv6 /40 not checked
2401:2e00:200::/41 IPv6 /41 not checked
2401:2e00:280::/41 IPv6 /41 RPKI valid
2405:e000:1400::/44 IPv6 /44 RPKI valid
2405:e000:1410::/44 IPv6 /44 RPKI valid
2405:e000:1400::/45 IPv6 /45 RPKI valid
2405:e000:1408::/45 IPv6 /45 RPKI valid
2405:e000:1410::/45 IPv6 /45 RPKI valid
2405:e000:1418::/45 IPv6 /45 RPKI valid
2405:e000:1000::/46 IPv6 /46 RPKI valid
2405:e000:1004::/46 IPv6 /46 RPKI valid
2405:e000:1000::/47 IPv6 /47 RPKI valid
2405:e000:1002::/47 IPv6 /47 RPKI valid
2405:e000:1004::/47 IPv6 /47 RPKI valid
2405:e000:1006::/47 IPv6 /47 RPKI valid
2400:b200:4100::/48 IPv6 /48 RPKI valid
2401:b180:3003::/48 IPv6 /48 RPKI valid
2401:b180:5::/48 IPv6 /48 not checked
2401:b180:8002::/48 IPv6 /48 RPKI valid
2405:e000:101::/48 IPv6 /48 not checked
2405:e000:1420::/48 IPv6 /48 RPKI valid
2405:e000:1440::/48 IPv6 /48 RPKI valid
2408:4000:1000::/48 IPv6 /48 RPKI valid
2408:4000:1001::/48 IPv6 /48 RPKI valid
2408:4000:1010::/48 IPv6 /48 RPKI valid
2408:4000:1011::/48 IPv6 /48 RPKI valid
2408:4000:1012::/48 IPv6 /48 RPKI valid
2408:4000:1013::/48 IPv6 /48 RPKI valid
2408:4009:501::/48 IPv6 /48 RPKI valid

No rows match “”.

Showing – of

Source:ripestat:announced-prefixes observed

376 of 919 announced prefixes, least specific first.

Internet Exchanges

Exchanges where this network has a listed peering LAN connection

Internet Exchange memberships listed for AS37963
Address families
CNIX 200,000 Mbps IPv4
NNIX 200,000 Mbps IPv4
SHIXP 200,000 Mbps IPv4 · IPv6

No rows match “”.

Showing – of

Source:peeringdb retrieved

Exchange membership means the network has a listed connection; it does not prove peering with other members.

Observed adjacencies

Networks seen next to AS37963 in BGP paths by route collectors.

Source:ripestat:asn-neighbours observed

Observed upstreams

18 networks seen before AS37963 in AS paths

Observed upstreams
Families
AS4811 CHINANET-SHANGHAI-MAN 674 65,907
v4 v6
AS4837 CHINA169-Backbone 936 44,378
v4 v6
AS23724 CHINANET-IDC-BJ-AP 309 24,870
v4 v6
AS58461 CT-HangZhou-IDC 475 23,288
v4 v6
AS4816 CHINANET-IDC-GD 375 21,430
v4 v6
AS17621 CNCGROUP-SH 473 9,958
v4 v6
AS4808 CHINA169-BJ 355 8,243
v4 v6
AS136195 CHINATELECOM-QINGDAO-CLOUDBASE 319 7,599
v4 v6
AS56041 CMNET-Zhejiang-AP 325 7,560
v4 v6
AS135061 UNICOM-ShenZhen-IDC 366 6,036
v4 v6
AS9808 CHINAMOBILE-CN 320 4,270
v4 v6
AS38283 CHINANET-SCIDC-AS-AP 269 3,562
v4 v6
AS58466 CT-Guangzhou-IDC 249 2,502
v4
AS24444 CMNET-V4shandong-AS-AP 259 2,063
v4 v6
AS141425 CMNET-GUANGDONG-CN 229 1,304
v4
AS136958 UNICOM-GuangZhou-IDC 236 1,163
v4
AS24400 CMNET-V4shanghai-AS-AP 228 324
v4
AS56040 CMNET-GuangDong-AP 1 4
v4

No rows match “”.

Showing – of

Observed downstreams

0 networks seen after AS37963 in AS paths

No downstreams observed

This AS was not seen carrying traffic towards another network.

Note:
These are observed adjacencies derived from BGP path data, not confirmed commercial relationships. A network appearing before another in an AS path does not establish that it is a paying transit customer, a settlement free peer, or anything else contractual.